The Effects Of Electronic Devices On Children And...

1) Just another hour, please! This is what most parents hear from their children/adolescent every time it is time to stop using an electronic device. Children and adolescents today spend â€Å"1 to 3 hours per day during the week and between 1 to 4 hours per day on the weekends† (Kappos, A.D. pg. 556) on computer games, viewing videos, watching television and internet surfing to name a few. The use of electronic devices has changed the life of children/adolescent and have exposed them to a volatile and irreparable outcome, in their social interaction with peers and family, self-perception, behavior and sleep pattern. 2) It is now a standard in today’s school and at home to have access to a computer to complete homework assignment and projects. The additional stress to perform has risen and has caused unwanted stress and anxiety in school age children. Due to the ease of accessibility of cellular phones and tablets today, it has become harder to monitor what your child/adolescent. â€Å"Only about three in ten young people say they have rules about how much time they can spend watching TV (28%) or playing video games (30%) and 36% say the same about using the computer. When parents do set limits, children spend less time with media: those with any media rules consume nearly 3 hours less media per day, than those with rules† (Kaiserfamilyfoundation.wordpress.com. 2010). Media present in the bedroom effects on sleep in children/adolescents consequences can be both physical andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Electronic Devices On Children And Adolescents Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pageshour, please! This is what most parents hear from their children/adolescent every time it is time to stop using an electronic device. Children and adolescents today spend â€Å"1 to 3 hours per day during the week and between 1 to 4 hours per day on the weekends† (Kappos, A.D. pg. 556) on computer games, viewing videos, watching television and internet surfing to name a few. The use of electronic devices has changed the life of children/adolescent and have exposed them to a volatile and irreparable outcomeRead MoreTechnology : Teens And The Negative Effects Of Technology986 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Technology Mobile devices have been strictly affecting teens in a negative way. Numerous teens struggle academically because of their cell phone usage. When young adults are constantly on their cellular devices, they will begin to experience negative effects of social media and other websites that they use as a distraction. Most teens don’t know the misfortune that they can get into if they don’t know how to use the internet right. As a result, they start to have poor habits, havingRead MoreVideo Time Is Good Or Bad For Kids1376 Words   |  6 Pagesscreen time is the â€Å"Time spent using a device such as a computer, television, or games console.† Many advocate and promote that if used properly, the prolonged use of digital media is a means for children to develop and interact more quickly in today’s age. However, some parents have been concerned that too much technology usage may in fact interfere with children’s development. While the two opposing sides have differing opinions on how screen time affects children, both sides agree on doing whateverRead MoreThe Media Affects Me?1313 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment of children in more ways than adults, of which some may cause lifelong problems for the children. The use of the media and other electronics has drastically increased over the past 4 years, but it is said to increase even more in the coming years. This is leading harmful effects, specifically on children and adolescents, causing bad behaviors and attitudes, decreased intelligence, and worst of all health problems/concerns. There is no doubt that children and adolescent have an attitudeRead MoreRelationship Between Technology Consumption And Sleep Deprivation984 Words   |  4 Pagesaffect of such electronic devices on the population’s health and day-to-day life. While measuring scales and values differ among articles, there is an agreement among researchers that in bed technology use is positively associated with Insomnia. The relationship has been assessed through examination of morningness/eveningness, chronotype, daytime sleepiness and other determinates of sleep deprivation. Most studies examine late night technology usage as it relates to the adolescent population (=18Read MoreSocial Media Sites Impacting Children and Teens Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesTarget Population The target population are children from the ages 6-12 yrs and teenagers 13-18 yrs. To be eligible the participants must impose the interest of social media. Both male and females are wanted to participate in the research. Limitations My inquiry had various limitations. The quantity of participants would have been more evenly distributed across gender and year in school. Limits also depended on parental guidance and/or permission in allowing kids to take part in the surveyRead MoreThe Teen Sleep Loss Epidemic : What Can Be Done? Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesphenomenon that adolescent children are suffering from a lack of sleep. The loss of sleep can negatively af-fect a teenager’s academic performance, driving capabilities, cognitive abilities and more. Bryant and Gomez provide recommendations for combating the sleep deficiency with teens, which includes their caffeine intake, establishing specific bedtimes, and the use of technology. The authors reference several other articles done specifically on the use of electronic devices and their effects on a person’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Teen s Brain Development1708 Words   |  7 Pagespredominant force in teen’s lives is the us e of their mobile devices, computers, and other forms of electronics. As the use of technology increases, concerns are growing about the amount of screen time teens should be exposed to, and if the use of technology can affect a teen’s brain development. The American Academy of Pediatrics, or the AAP, is considering raising the two hour screen time limit to four hours because of the growing use of electronics in our day and age. However, because teens’ brains developRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes : Research Paper1236 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic cigarettes Guerrier, Ingrid Capstone research paper Mrs.layzell Mrs.Mella 1-10-16 Abstract Electronic cigarettes have been around for about a decade. No one is sure of what havoc they can cause yet because of how new they are in existence. Throughout the past years more and more issues have been arising from this product that was originally assumed to be harmless. Now we are faced with the question are they really as safe as we thought or should increase investigation to see whatRead MoreThe Digital Age Is Detrimental On Our Youth Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesand communication skills in children and adolescents. Electronic devices are introduced to babies and toddlers. Adolescents are glued to their smartphones and tablets. Games and social media have become the primary concern of adolescents and teenagers to the exclusion of real social relationships. Parents often do not intervene and are grateful that their children are being entertained and supposedly not getting into to trouble by engaging with their electronic devices. Research conducted on the internet

F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby - 1915 Words

Introduction: In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the protagonist Jay Gatsby exemplifies both positive and negative aspects of the American Dream through his love for Daisy, his mysterious accumulation of wealth, and longing for acceptance within society. Body Paragraphs: The American Dream is symbolized in a novel as a goal that a protagonist strives to get or accomplish throughout the course of that same novel. The American Dream is best described by James Truslow Adams, author of the book The Epic of America, when he says, â€Å"The American dream is ‘that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement’† (Adams 1). The American Dream, as Adams explains it, is the goal that all Americans during the Twenties wanted to achieve and they would do anything in their power to obtain it. James Truslow Adams studied the American dream intently because he experienced it firsthand; through his studies, Adams learned that The American Dream is the perception that if one works hard enough to obtain their goal or a sum of wealth, then they will be able to achieve anything (Adams 1). Basically, if someone has the right work ethic and demeanor, then they will be able to obtain all that they dream for. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby takes upon the role of a stereotypical American living within a society that is made up of greedy and consumeristic individuals that areShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby974 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the Valley of Ashes: The Great Gatsby â€Å"This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and raising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air† (Fitzgerald 26). In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, mainly depicted lives of the rich and their luxuries but also showed theRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1289 Words   |  6 Pages and many people realized their own version of the American Dream during this period. The American Dream is one that many people want to achieve. However, F. Scott Fitzgerald demonstrates his true feelings about the American Dream in his classic novel, The Great Gatsby. Many characters in this story, such as Daisy and Tom Buchanan, Jay Gatsby, and Jordan Baker, found riches and happiness in materialistic things and people throughout this novel. This is the stereotypical American Dream that is associatedRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby944 Words   |  4 Pages423169 Prompt #4 No Comments Lim [f (x)] - 0 = ∞ ... The Limit as X Approaches Infinity Humans continually search for success. This success surfaces in forms such as fortune, fame, glory, et cetera. The American Dream encapsulates the ideals of the â€Å"New World,† bringing together not only the idea of limitless success, but also its newfound availability and encouragement for embracing the promise land. The Great Gatsby explores the American Dream and â€Å"the actual nature of this dream... the mannerRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1265 Words   |  6 PagesJay Gatsby and His Undying Love for Daisy Buchanan F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby in the midst of the roaring twenties, which was an age full of wealth, parties, and romance. Young people living in the 1920s were centered around wanting to find love so Fitzgerald, along with many other authors during this time period, focused his writing in The Great Gatsby on relationships and affection. Jay Gatsby, one of the main characters in the novel, is a very mysterious man, but there is oneRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1845 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"You don’t write to say something, you write because you have something to say.† F. Scott Fitzgerald was one of the most remarkable writers of all time during the Jazz Age. He started to reach an accomplishment of success with This Side of Paradise and accomplished it with The Great Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novels take place back in the early 1900’s; he attempts to communicate knowledge to the elocutionist, in a sophisticated, but humorous way, that making it big is not uncomplicated. FurthermoreRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdriving force of evolution in humanity. It allows the aspiration of being able to do astonishing things, and proffers them prosperity in life. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald delves into the American Dream and it’s demise. Fitzgerald focuses on the character of Jay Gatsby to materialize the false image that the American Dream created in the 1920’s. Gatsby is th e protagonist of the novel, and is famous for throwing massive parties regardless of the secret life that he lives. The narrator, Nick CarrawayRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1202 Words   |  5 PagesJay Gatsby and F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald is an acclaimed American author, popularly recognized for his novel The Great Gatsby. In addition to his literary work, Fitzgerald is noted for his unstable personal life. Originally coming from a low-income background, he could not marry the woman that he first loved. Even when he met another woman, he had to acquire wealth to marry her; this drove him to publish his first novel. He married her shortly after. However, a couple years after, heRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1258 Words   |  6 Pages What Killed Gatsby? Love or Greed? To certain people, Gatsby’s death was a cruel and surprising conclusion to The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. But there is still some mystery around the cause of Gatsby’s death. Upon meeting Gatsby for the first time, one can tell that he has an obsession centered around Daisy Buchanan, his old love, and was dead set on getting her back. Gatsby’s obsession with repeating the past is responsible for his death and Gatsby’s greed put him in a grave. FurtherRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1761 Words   |  8 Pagescould be the main focus of people who are going out on their own to create a family. However, F. Scott Fitzgerald took a different route in his most famous novel. Fitzgerald uses his book, The Great Gatsby, to show how the idea of the American Dream is slowly dying in the society he created. Although the American Dream was prevalent during the time The Great Gatsby took place in, F. Scott Fitzgerald went against the social norm of believing in this idea and revolved his novel around the idea ofRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1381 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby portrays characterization corresponding with characters’ birthplaces, desires, and determination in order to devise their statuses. The narrator, Nick Carraway, is disparate from others due to the place he grew up which is exemplified when he moves to New York from the Midwest. Tom Buchanan satisfies his desire for love by having women in his life as well as his wife Daisy. Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan

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The Power of Love in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice

In the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, a major theme is the power of love and its ability to overcome hardships. In this novel the protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, yearns for a life with much more meaning than being dependent on a spouse for the rest of her life. Jane Austen wrote this novel in a time period in which women were expected to marry in order to attain financial security rather than marry for love. Mr. Darcy, a man of wealth and high social status, is initially loathed by Elizabeth due to his prejudice against her status and family’s lack of money and manners. Overcoming social barriers, Elizabeth and Darcy find that their true feeling towards each other was love. Austen utilizes the main protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, as strong feminist who breaks away from her societal expectations and overcomes various hardships to be united with her true love. Love is a central theme in this novel which becomes the driving force behind Austen’s purpose of empower ing women to refuse social norm and follow their hearts despite social expectations. Austen establishes the theme of love throughout the novel by incorporating many characters that benefit Elizabeth socially. Yet due to her opposition to abide to social standards, she denies and turns them down. The author set this novel in the nineteenth century of English society which viewed women as another possession of men. The cult of domesticity was strictly set to social standard as it was worth praise to seeShow MoreRelatedNorthanger Abbey as a Precursor to Pride and Prejudice Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen’s Northanger Abbey is frequently described as a novel about reading—reading novels and reading people—while Pride and Prejudice is said to be a story about love, about two people overcoming their own pride and prejudices to realize their feelings for each other. If Pride and Prejudice is indeed about how two stubborn youth have misjudged each ot her, then why is it that this novel is so infrequently viewed to be connected to Austen’s original novel about misjudgment and reading one’s fellowsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1693 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical and cultural contexts through the reflections of illicit and explicit similarities and differences in the values and attributes presented. Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice and Fay Weldon’s 1993 epistolary text Letters to Alice, both challenge the worth of their time as contexts change, but values are upheld. Weldon’s reflection on Austen’s nineteenth century environment, conveys to responders how marriage, gender roles and social class continue to be relevant issues in both regencyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1697 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth Bennett: Outspoken in an Oppressive Society Jane Austen once said, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† (Austen 1). In other words, women of the nineteenth century were deemed dependent on men. They were to join an advantageous marriage to remain respectable and achieve a higher social class. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice concerns the social norms of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries—a patriarchalRead MorePride And Prejudice And Mansfield Park Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pageswrote about this process in her novels. This woman’s name is Jane Austen and through her novels Pride and Prejudice and Mansfield Park, we can read the fine print; allowing us to see a bit more of the path before us. Austen provides an option that all women have available to them; the power of the word no. In Austen’s day, women had limited authority when compared to men. However, when it came to courting women, respec tfully, had the power to doom or give birth to a courtship. When a man proposed,Read More Characterization of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice 1148 Words   |  5 PagesCharacterization of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, is an authentic character, allowing readers to identify, sympathize, and grow with her. Unfortunately, Austen does not create a match for Elizabeth who is her equal in terms of characterization. Mr. Darcy, Elizabeths sometime adversary, beloved, and, finally, husband, is not so carefully crafted as she, for his character is somewhat undefinedRead MoreEssay on Jane Austen and Social Status1559 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen essay outline Jane Austen, the English novelist, often spoke of what living under social classes was like with the status of women and their class during her time in the nineteenth century. Miss Austens novels all outlined this common link, during which she shows how it affects other peoples views of one another with respect. The upper class did not work, and contained some of the oldest families, in which most were titled aristocrats. Most of the income was received upon birthRead MoreMarriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen introduces the major thematic concept of marriage and financial wealth. Throughout the novel, Austen depicts various relationships that exhibit the two recurring themes. Set during the regency period, the perception of marriage revolves around a universal truth. Austen claims that a single man â€Å"must be in want of a wife.† Hence, the social stature and wealth of men were of principal importance for women. Austen, however, hints that the opposite may proveRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love and respectRead MoreThe Social Hierarchy Of Pride And Prejudice1708 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 2016 The Social Hierarchy in Pride and Prejudice â€Å"Lady Catherine will not think the worst of you for being simply dressed. She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved† (Austen 127). Distinction of social classes has been slowly fading away in today’s modern society, but contributed to create a society dominated by a ironclad hierarchy prior to the twentieth century. Jane Austen published Pride and Prejudice in 1813, which revolves around the love story between Elizabeth Bennet andRead MorePride And Prejudice: The Board Game Is A Fresh And Interactive1385 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice: The Board Game is a fresh and interactive way to either become introduced to Jane Austen or enjoy the story of Pride and Prejudice as it takes place. The goal of the game is to earn or buy all the needed tokens and then move your respective couple to the church for marriage. Important aspects of the game are the couples moving as a unit, appearances of the game characters, gaining regency life and novel tokens, and marriage, which is the object of the game. Just as â€Å"the business

Design Plan for Talkie An Interactive Childrens Toy

The purpose of this paper is to describe a toy that I have designed for preschool children. In this paper, I will also discuss how my toy would promote the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of preschool children. Play is very important for preschool children’s development because information processing is steady and ongoing in several areas of rationalization. The toy I have designed will involve parental and peer involvement to encourage the development of language skills through operant conditioning and imitation (Berk, 2010, p. 181). The name of the toy I have designed is â€Å"Talkie: The Interactive Phone That Does More Than Just Talk†. This toy is designed for preschool children between the ages of 2-5 years.†¦show more content†¦Children learn to assert control over their environment through dictating their play and interaction with peers. By taking control of their daily activities through the world of play and make- believe, childr en learn to achieve their responsibilities and encounter challenges (Berk, 2010, p. 257). During this stage it is imperative for parents to encourage their children to explore and make suitable decisions, independently. It is also crucial for parents not to be dispiriting or dismissive, which may lead to their preschoolers feeling ashamed and overly dependent upon help from others. â€Å"Talkie† is a mobile toy that is easy to take along; therefore, it can be used either in the privacy of one’s own home or even in additional care givers’ homes. This is helpful because it gives the child the ability to feel important as well as independent because they have access to a phone in which they can interact and communicate with adults and their peers; just like an adult. â€Å"Talkie† can be used by parents to promote language development in their preschool children by simply talking to them through the mobile phones. Language development can be achieved through the utilization of â€Å"Talkie† by teaching children to speak in a clear, correct, and simple manner. When parents engage in conversation through the phone with their child it is important that they avoid using babyShow MoreRelatedSupporting Childrens Ict Skills3763 Words   |  16 Pagesthis can be used as ICT as the children have to use buttons to set the clock to the correct time, and therefore it will also help the children to read the time. Battery powered toys: these are all forms of ICT, for example, a roma. This is because the children are having to use buttons to make the toy work, for example, a toy car will have an on and off button in which the children have to press to make the car work. Alongside this, there will also be a remote control where the children use to direct

Reporting for forced girl in baidabo region Essay Example For Students

Reporting for forced girl in baidabo region Essay Bishaaro Ali Abud a young daughter born in baidoa cityparticularly in a village called isha of the second brange, she was bornAug1990bishaarop has always been in baidoa city were she was grown up andnever moved to another place but she was to Wajid district of bakol regionto help her aunt who was given birth recently the aunts husband works forthe WFP (the world food program). On first January the aunt got sick and went to a near by region(Hudur) where she was planning to get medical help from relief organizationoperating in that region . on second January at mid night Bishaaro has beenawakened by the aunts husband and ordered her to make some tea which hewanted to use for Narakotic green leaves locally known as (Kat)feeling disturbed I lit a fire made the tea for him and went back tosleep Bishaaro narrated, I was sleeping smoothly when I felt some one overme so that I opened my eyes and sow a naked man pulling down my sleepingbag. I tried to cry but he threatened me with a knife and covered thesleeping bag over my mouth after a short while I realized that it was arape and also recognized the man as the husband of he told me to make samemovements while he was trying to have intercourse with me or he wouldkilled me ,as I was a natural virgin he failed to insert groin in me, so heused the knife cut me open, a heavy bleeding caused me to faint and to losecons ciences aftertwo days my aunt returned with three guys namely there fore I had thechance to be taken back to Baidoa city Bishaaro concluded however somemembers from Sacro (Somali advocate child rights) went to this abuseddaughter whose father is mentally wreck and cannot afford to help hisdaughter Sacro succeeded to take the responsibility of treating thisdaughter and paid a doctor who cured her instantly the next day all membersof sacrohave taken a meeting and made the following decisions:-1- to take the daughter to a better hospital. 2- to report the matter to the concerned organizations. 3- to give help to the daughter family. She also can not back to her original settlement for the man who committedthe rape is still a menace to her life he paid professional killer toassassinate her in a bid to get rid of the stigma aroused by the rape, evenif there were not assassinations ,she is encircled by the shame. RequestAs we SACRO, we request to NOVIB a temporary assistance forthe forced girl mentioned above which lasts for six months then we hopecircumstance may change or SACRO take care of her by individualcontributions. Monthly RequirementsRent House6X120720$Daily food6X2001200$Medical clothes Transportation6X150900$Body Guard (two watch men) 6X300 1800$Total= 4620

Child Abuse Essay Paper Example For Students

Child Abuse Essay Paper STUDY OF FAMILY INTERACTION LEAD TO NEW UNDERSTANDING OF ABUSIVE PARENTS Researchers at the University of Toronto have taken important steps toward producing a profile of an abusive parent. Prof. Gary Walters and doctoral student Lynn Oldershaw of the Department of Psychology have developed a system to characterize parents who physically abuse their children. This could ultimately allow social service professionals to identify parents in child abuse. Over the last five years, Walters and Oldershaw, in collaboration with Darlene Hall of the West End Creche, have examined over 100 mothers and their three to six-year-old children who have been physically abused. In the laboratory, the mother and child spend 30 minutes in structured activities such as playing, eating and cleaning-up. The family interaction is video-taped and later analyzed. The researchers have developed a system which allows them to record the effectiveness of parenting skills. They are particularly interested in disciplinary strategies because abuse most commonly occurs when the parent wants the child to comply. Its a question of trying to determine which type of parent produces which type of child or which type of child elicits which type of parental behaviour, explains Oldershaw. As a result of their work, Walters and Oldershaw have identified distinct categories of abusive parents and their children. Harsh/intrusive mothers are excessively harsh and constantly badger their child to behave. Despite the fact that these mothers humiliate and disapprove of their child, there are times when they hug, kiss or speak to them warmly. This type of mothering produces an aggressive, disobedient child. A covert/hostile mother shows no positive feelings towards her child. She makes blatant attacks on the childs self-worth and denies him affection or attention. For his part, the child tries to engage his mothers attention and win her approval. An emotionally detached mother has very little involvement with her child. She appears depressed and uninterested in the childs activities. The child of this type of mother displays no characteristics which set him apart from other children. In order to put together a parenting profile, the two researchers examine the mother/child interaction and their perception and feelings. For instance, Walters and Oldershaw take into account the mothers sense of herself as a parent and her impression of her child. The researchers also try to determine the childs perception of himself or herself and of the parent. Abusive parents are often believed to have inadequate parenting skills and are referred to programs to improve these skills. These programs are particularly appropriate for parents who, themselves, were raised by abusive parents and as a result are ignorant of any other behavior toward her child. One of the goals of the psychologists is to provide information to therapists which will help tailor therapy to the individual needs of the abusive parents. Recidivism rates for abusive care-givers are high, says Walters. To a large extent, abusive parents which require a variety of treatment. Their research is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. Contact: Gary Walters (416)978-7814 Lynn Oldershaw (416)978-3528